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草莓 (Strawberry)
草莓 (Fragaria × ananassa),又稱做士多啤梨、士多罷厘,為草莓屬中最常見的栽培之種,原產美洲。草莓是薔薇科草莓屬植物中最常見的一種,屬多年生草本植物,原產美洲,後在法國進行繁殖。是栽培最廣泛的草莓品種。八倍體植物,種子發芽期需10-15天。深紅色圓形或心臟形漿果體,肉純白,萼片和苞片展開。 食用部份是假果,不同於大多數水果由子房發育而成,草莓的果實是由花托發育而成,換言之,我們吃的並不是草莓的果實,而是花托在傳播花粉後變大的部分,真正的草莓果實反倒是佈滿草莓表面的眾多小點。 特性 現代的草莓通過雜交,除了結霜外,已經能夠適應各種氣候。果實略呈心形,鮮紅多汁,質地柔軟,酸甜適中,氣味芳香。而且繁殖容易,只需半年便可結果收成,收成時間為冬季1、2月。每株可收成兩年,收成期亦長達半年,可為果園在果樹成熟結果前增加土地使用率及增加收入。唯草莓因為果實的特性,只要進入開花期,便不可再使用農藥。 採收及儲存 草莓不耐運輸儲存,如未能做好相應運輸工序,便應考慮把草莓加工。在早晨或傍晚採收,新鮮食用宜在成熟至八成時採收,加工用的只要在著色七至八成便可。採摘時必須保留半厘米至一厘米的果梗,太長的話容易損害其他草莓。 最佳的保存環境是保存在接近零度但不結霜的冰箱。除此之外,亦有使用紫外線或惰性氣體保存。急凍亦是其中有效的保存方法。洗草莓時,先輕輕洗淨再去掉蒂頭,可避免維生素C流失,附著在草莓上的雜質,也不會在清洗過程中從蒂頭跑進去。 |
Strawberry
Fragaria × ananassa, garden strawberry, is a commercial hybrid species of strawberry (Fragaria) that is widely grown. It is cultivated worldwide for its fruit. The fruit (which is not a botanical berry, but an aggregate accessory fruit) is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness. It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in prepared foods such as preserves, fruit juice, pies, ice creams, milkshakes, and chocolates. Artificial strawberry aroma is also widely used in many industrialized food products. The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany, France, in the 1750s via a cross of Fragaria virginiana from eastern North America and Fragaria chiloensis, which was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier in 1714. Cultivars of Fragaria × ananassa have replaced, in commercial production, the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century. Technically, the strawberry is an aggregate accessory fruit, meaning that the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's ovaries but from the receptacle that holds the ovaries. Each apparent "seed" (achene) on the outside of the fruit is actually one of the ovaries of the flower, with a seed inside it. |