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腰果 (Cashew)
腰果 (Anacardium occidentale)是一種腎形堅果,屬無患子目漆樹科腰果屬。又名樹花生、檟如樹、雞腰果、介壽果。 常綠喬木或灌木;長橢圓形革質單葉互生,全緣;黃色花,有淡紅條紋,圓錐花序;心臟形或腎形果實,長約25毫米;黃或紅色的陀螺形肉質果柄。花托膨大成假果,真果著生在花托頂端,白色果仁。 產地 原產熱帶美洲。越南、奈及利亞、印度、巴西是主要生產國。中國的主產地為海南和雲南。油炸後直接食用或用於巧克力、點心等輔料,也可榨油作為高級食用油。 食用 上部份的果梨柔軟多汁,可作水果食用,也可釀酒,製果汁、果醬、蜜餞等。果殼也可榨油,含油量在40%左右。是一種乾性油,可制高級油漆、彩色膠捲有色劑、合成橡膠等。腰果仁是十分受歡迎的零嘴,因本身風味十足而時常單獨食用,僅在烘焙後灑上少數鹽或糖提味;亦可裹上巧克力。 營養 碳水化合物 30.19% 膳食纖維 5.91% 糖 3.3% 脂肪 43.85% 蛋白質 18.22% 及少量礦物質和維生素A、維生素B1、維生素B2 |
Cashew
The cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is a tree in the family Anacardiaceae which produces a seed that is harvested as the cashew nut. Its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree, caju (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐˈʒu]), which itself is derived from the indigenous Tupi name, acajú. Originally native to northeastern Brazil, it is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew apples and nuts. The cashew nut is a popular snack and food source. Nigeria was the world's largest producer of cashew nuts with shell in 2010. Nutrition The fats and oils in cashew nuts are 54% monounsaturated fat (18:1), 18% polyunsaturated fat (18:2), and 16% saturated fat (9% palmitic acid (16:0) and 7% stearic acid (18:0)). Cashews, as with other tree nuts, are a good source of antioxidants. Alkyl phenols, in particular, are abundant in cashews. Cashews are also a good source of dietary trace minerals copper, iron and zinc. Allergy For some people, cashews, like other tree nuts, can lead to complications or allergic reactions. Cashews contain gastric and intestinal soluble oxalates, albeit less than some other tree nuts; people with a tendency to form kidney stones may need moderation and medical guidance. Allergies to tree nuts such as cashews can be of severe nature to some people. These allergic reactions can be life-threatening or even fatal; prompt medical attention is necessary if tree nut allergy reaction is observed. These allergies are triggered by the proteins found in tree nuts, and cooking often does not remove or change these proteins. Reactions to cashew and other tree nuts can also occur as a consequence of hidden nut ingredients or traces of nuts that may inadvertently be introduced during food processing, handling or manufacturing. Many nations require food label warning if the food may get inadvertent exposure to tree nuts such as cashews. In some people, cashew nut allergy may be a different form, namely birch pollen allergy. This is usually a minor form. Symptoms are confined largely to the mouth. |