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松子 (Pine Nut)
松子即松科植物紅松樹的種子,又名松仁、松仁子,可入藥、做菜,炒熟後可作小吃。若想要直接食用,建議選擇沒有加工過的松子,平時便可當作零食食用,可以保護心血管健康,預防因膽固醇過高而引起的心血管疾病。松子是松樹的種子。松子既是重要的中藥,久食健身心,滋潤皮膚,延年益壽,也有很高的食療價值。 松子又被稱為長壽果,具有很高的營養價值,包含人體必須的多種營養,特別是松子中的脂肪成分是油酸,亞油酸等不飽和脂肪酸,具有預防動脈硬化的功用,常吃有助於防止心血管疾病。 松子為松樹果實中的種子,「松子仁」為松子去除殼後取出仁的部份。 松子仁內含蛋白質、脂肪,它的性情甘溫,在「本草綱目」上曾經提到過,松子仁可以滋補、強身、益氣、潤腸通便、調節五臟六腑;在中醫上的療效上不但有治頭暈目眩、滋潤肌膚、肥潤五臟、去除風寒、溫熱腸胃、心悸盜汗、滋潤肺部、治療咳嗽、調整肝風體虛的體質等功能,松子仁還能延年益壽、抗衰老。 挑選松子仁時,應以顆粒大而形體完整、顏色白淨,並且乾燥者為佳。 |
松子種類
目前中國松子主要分為兩種,東北松子和巴西松子。雖然同為松子,但是營養價值和形狀上有著本質的區別。 巴西松子 巴西松子仁具有很高的營養和藥用價值,它幾乎包括人體必需的多種營養。現代醫學研究表明,松子仁中的脂肪成分是油酸,亞油酸等不飽和脂肪酸,具有防治動脈硬化的作用。經常吃它,有防止膽固醇增高而引起的心血管疾病的功能。松子仁中所含的磷,對腦和神經系統都有裨益,並能補五臟、補虛損、白潤皮膚、益智力。 巴西松子:是選擇巴西.巴基斯坦、阿富汗產地出產的純天然優質原料,經過精心挑選、採用傳統的工藝、引進科學的加工技術。巴西松子具有特殊的香、松、酥的口味和豐富的營養成份,長期深受消費者的歡迎,是高檔休閒食品. 東北松子 東北松子也稱東北紅松子。紅松子為松科植物紅鬆的種子,又名海松子。植物形態:紅松為常綠大喬木,樹皮灰褐色,鱗片開裂。小枝暗褐色,密生鏽褐色茸毛。葉針形,5針一束,粗硬,長8-2厘米。雄花序圓球狀,密集成穗狀,呈紅黃色;雌花序有長柄。球果大,卵狀長圓形長9-14厘米,徑6-8厘米。種子卵狀三角形,紅褐色,長1.2-1.8厘米,寬0.9-1.6厘米。花期5週,果期10-11月。 松籽為名貴樹种红鬆的種子。主要分佈於我國的東北長白山和小興安嶺林區,屬國家一級瀕危物種,野生紅松需生長50年後方開始結籽,成熟期約兩年。因此極為珍貴。紅松果實的內仁,主產於長白山和小興安嶺。紅鬆生長在緯度40-45度之間,朝鮮,俄羅斯,及歐洲少數國家略有出產,但數量極少。由成熟的松果經機械和人工加工而成。成品要求籽仁飽滿,顏色白潔,無傷殘痕跡,味道清香可口. 成分:每百克松子仁中含蛋白質16.7克,碳水化合物9.8克,脂肪63.5克。松子的脂肪大部分為油酸、亞油酸等不飽和脂肪酸組成。還含有鈣78毫克、磷236毫克、鐵6.7毫克等成分。 功效:松子性溫味甘。具有養陰、熄風、潤肺、滑腸等功效。治風痺、頭眩、燥咳、吐血、便秘等病。 |
Pine Nut (松子)
Pine nuts are the edible seeds of pines (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus). About 20 species of pine produce seeds large enough to be worth harvesting; in other pines the seeds are also edible, but are too small to be of great value as a human food. Culinary Uses Pine nuts have been eaten in Europe and Asia since the Paleolithic period. They are frequently added to meat, fish, salads and vegetable dishes or baked into bread. In Italian they are called pinoli (in the U.S. they are often called "pignoli" but in Italy "pignolo" is actually a word far more commonly used to describe a fussy, overly fastidious or extremely meticulous person) and are an essential component of Italian pesto sauce, and the upsurge in the popularity of this sauce over the last 20 years has increased the visibility of the nut in America, primarily on the West Coast. Pignoli cookies, an Italian American specialty confection (in Italy these would be called "biscotti ai pinoli"), are made of almond flour formed into a dough similar to that of a macaroon and then topped with pine nuts. In Spain, a sweet is made of small marzipan balls covered with pine nuts, painted with egg and lightly cooked. Pine nuts are also featured in the salade landaise of southwestern France. Pine nut coffee, known as piñón (Spanish for pine nut), is a speciality found in the southwest United States, especially New Mexico, and is typically a dark roast coffee having a deep, nutty flavour; roasted and lightly salted pine nuts can often be found sold on the side of the road in cities across New Mexico to be used for this purpose, as well as a snack. The Nevada, or Great Basin, pine nut has a sweet fruity flavor and is relished for its large size, sweet flavor and ease of peeling. Pine nuts are also widely used in Middle Eastern cuisine, reflected in a diverse range of dishes such as kibbeh, sambusak, desserts such as baklava, and many others. Throughout Europe and Middle East the pine nuts used are from Pinus pinea (Stone Pine)[dubious – discuss]. They are easily distinguished from the Asian pine nuts by their more slender shape and more homogeneous flesh. Due to the lower price, Asian pine nuts are also often used, especially in cheaper preparations. Pine nuts contain thiamine (vitamin B1) and protein. |